HOW FLOWERING PLANTS ARE RELATED
(more or less)

The chart provided below is a phylogenetic tree showing a good guess as to how flowering plants are related to one another. The relative position of each plant order reflects results from the science of genetic sequencing. The basic assumption of genetic sequencing is that the more genetic material two organisms have in common, the more closely related they are. Studies are still being made, so it can be expected that in the future similar charts may be a little different.

chart showing how the orders of flowering plants are related
Chart drawn from information published in 1998 in the
ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN 85: 531-553
.

In the chart, each branch in the tree represents a theoretical moment in evolutionary history when the ancestral population split into new groups, which then continued evolving independently. As one passes from the left to the right of the chart, one comes from the past to the present.

The "tree root" at the left represents a time long ago when the first flowering plant appeared. The more branches it takes to reach a plant name at the right,  the more "highly evolved" it may be. The four groups at the top, whose names are given in orange, are ancient plants whose basic flower anatomy is considered to be primitive.

The names shown in colors other than red, and ending in "-ales," are the names of plant orders. As we see on our Pigeon-Holing Our Discoveries page, orders constitute the main grouping above the plant family level. The names in red at the far right are the names of well-known plants found in the order listed next to it. Once you become familiar with your local plants, you will see how the chart makes sense when it indicates, that -- in terms of basic flower structure -- "carrot flowers are somewhat similar to daisy flowers," and "grass flowers are a little like dayflower blossoms." Once you know your blossoms a little, it's fascinating to look at this chart.

Here's also a chart worth digesting:

PLANT FAMILIES OF SOME FAMILIAR GARDEN PLANTS

Grass Family
  corn (maize)
Lily Family
 
lily
   tulip
   asparagus

Amaryllis Family
 
amaryllis
   onion
   narcissus
Iris Family
 
iris
   crocus
Buckwheat Family
  rhubarb
Goosefoot Family
  
beet
   spinach
Mustard Family
  
mustard greens
    kale
    Brussels sprouts
    cabbage
    broccoli
    cauliflower
    turnip
    rutabaga
    radish
    nasturtium
    cress

Bean Family
    bean
    pea
    peanut
Morning-glory Family
    sweet potato
Parsley Family
    parsley
    parsnip
    carrot
    celery
Rose Family
  
rose
    plum
    cherry
    pear
    apple
    strawberry
    blackberry
    spiraea
Mint Family
    mints
    salvia
    coleus
Nightshade Family
    tomato
    potato
    red pepper
    petunia

Gourd Family
    squash
    pumpkin
    cucumber
    watermelon
Composite Family
    sunflower
    dandelion
    lettuce
    dahlia
    zinnia
    goldenrod
    aster

If want to know the family of some other plant for which you know only the common name, you can determine its Latin name at the B & T World Seeds site. Once you have the Latin name, you can find its family name typing the Latin name into the search box at the NCBI Taxonomy Browser. On that page, the family's technical name will be given (Liliaceae instead of Lily Family, for example) along with the rest of its lineage. Remember that most plant family names end with -aceae. Once you have the technical family name, if you don't know what the common name is for the family, then Google the technical name, or look it up in a wildflower or horticultural book.

And if you find a qucker way to do it, let me know...

Report Broken Link
Return to the NAMES & CLASSIFICATION menu
Return to the HOME PAGE

This page last updated on